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If, while Germany and France use the funds of the State to subsidize and assist German and French cables, Great Britain equally uses her national credit, as is the case of the Pacific cable, in opposition to her personal individuals, then British enterprise, hopelessly overweighted by such an overwhelming mixture, will roll up its cables and sell them for what they are value. It now appeared that, underneath the phrases of its concessions from Russia and Germany, that company cannot consent to any alterations of tariff, besides with the consent of these Governments, and as these consents were withheld, Germany and Russia blocked the technique to any reduction of charge between Britain and India. Nevertheless, the identical Committee felt it to be its obligation to add that the cable communications between Britain and India aren't strategically passable, as long as a cable is not laid by the Eastern Telegraph Company from Southern India to Cocos, a British island south of India. In the course of that century we had evicted her from India after a struggle of 100 years. Within the closing years of the nineteenth century, the time appeared to have come for lowering the speed to India. In 1870, while India was being joined up to Britain, a single line of cables was laid from Madras to Penang and Singapore, and thence to Batavia, in Java.

The system of charging a lot per word had been established in 1876, the speed fixed being 4s. 6d. per phrase. That is the prevailing rate. 4d. per 1,000 miles, whereas the cable charge to India, deducting the terminal rate paid to the Indian Government, works out at 2· Reckoning anything over 1,000 fathoms as deep sea, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean are deep seas within the parts principally traversed by this route. The seas by way of which the cables move from England to India are, on the entire, fairly well adapted to cables. In the yr 1900 the Chinese Government turned anxious to own a line of cables from Taku, the port of Pekin, to Chefoo, and thence to Shanghai. It's typically stated that the Imperial Government ought to buy up British cables and handle them itself. Thanks to those all-British routes, India would escape being reduce off if each the European land-strains and the cables in the Mediterranean have been cut. Immediately to the south of the good island of Luzon lie a lot of smaller islands, the chief being Panay, Negros, and Cebu.

For we mustn't go to struggle with Portugal, and if we went to warfare with every other Power, Portugal, being a neutral Power, might preserve the cables landed on her shore intact in opposition to a belligerent. The road, which had thus been largely duplicated for security, had now to be triplicated to cope with the growth of site visitors, and not only triplicated, but quadruplicated, by cables laid in 1888 from Port Said to Aden; in 1887 £rom England through Portugal to Malta; in 1891 from Port Said to Bombay; in 1897 from Vigo in Spain to Gibraltar; in 1898 by a direct cable from England to Gibraltar; and in 1899 from Gibraltar to Alexandria. Again, up to 1898 all our cables landed both at Vigo in Spain or at Carcavellos in Portugal There was little reason against this arrangement, definitely as far as Portugal was involved. Finally, though there was a short-lived gold increase in 1901, the traffic of a rustic so undeveloped and so deadly to the white man is essentially of a restricted character. But their assets, with the exception of these of Cuba, are so limited that one set of cables beneath one management would amply suffice for them, uniting them to one another and to the North and South American continents.

To this point, then, the circumstances of commerce and the facts of geography within the Far East appear to suggest that (1) the enlargement of its European trade may be restricted and sluggish, and that (2) whether expansion be sluggish or fast, the nearest telegraph routes homeward are otherwise than British. Meanwhile, subsidiary to this essential line, a large number of quick cables began to radiate from the trunk route, uniting each essential European nation. So cables have been laid in 1878 from England to Portugal, and in 1877 from Port Said to Bombay. I have seen him at one end of his land-line in Adelaide, and sent him a message from Port Darwin at the opposite. A certain article in the joint purse agreement offered that no alteration of tariff was to be made with out mutual consent of the three contracting events, one in every of which was the Indo-European Company. But because the years handed after 1871, it became extra evident that, as the seat of government was in North China, the Danish company could not fail to train a preponderating influence with the Son of Heaven. A cable was laid between Tasmania and Australia to date again as 1869. It was duplicated in 1885. These cables have been laid by a British non-public firm below a Government subsidy, the Tasmanian Government retaining the proper to regulate the rate, which is now ½d.